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Henna Tattoo Kits Biography

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All tattoos were applied by various hand methods inspired by the native practices of distant lands but, as with most other hand made artisan practices, tattooing would soon be mechanized. Thomas A. Edison is often referred to as the father of the modern electric tattoo machine. It would be a little more accurate to call him the grandfater of the tattoo machine. In 1875 there had yet to be a use for this new invention called the electric motor, capable of transforming electrical current flow into rotory motion. Perhaps it was the pistons used on the wheels of steam trains that gave Edison the idea to transfer the circular, rotory action of the electric motor to a linear motion that could be applied to some other purpose. And what do you think that could be? The very first invention that use the electric motor was known as the Autographic Printing Pen..

This device would speed up the printing process by puncturing holes in a stencil, through which ink could be pressed onto a sheet of paper below. The machine consisted of a heavy electric motror on the top of of a barrel or tube. The needle (and there was only one, a thick steel needle) was driven up and down through the tube, engraving the stencil plate below with a series of holes following a design or pattern or lettering.

This was a effective use of the electric motor, but not a user freindly one, It was cumbersome and difficult to work with for an extended period of time.Curuiosly Edison marketed the device, which sold well in america, even after he had designed improvements two years earlier in England (Patented in London Oct. 29th 1875 and in the U.S. Nov. 6th 1877). By using two electromagnetic coils (a tightly wound copper wire around a soft iron core forming an electro-magnet), springs and contact bars, The machine was lightened considerably. The first american twin coils macne came five years after Alfred South British Patent, Came from Charles Wagner of New York (Patented Aug. 23rd 1904). which had the coils set side by side; transverse the frame. The inspiration for this undoubtedly came from Thomas Edison and his improved engraving instuments as the coil placement and the contact bars are very close in design. The two coils were set side by side as in the telegraph machine and required a cross shaped armature bar (the reciprocating metal bar the drives the needles up and down). This was not a simple machine to manufacture, But sold well to the professional tattooist and amatures alike.Charles Wagner worked closely with Samuel O'Reilly who had previous experience researching and adapting Edison's patents. Each of these early pioneers of tattooing technology saw the potential to market their devices to the professional and general public alike. The tattoo kit was born. Machines were sold through magazine ads with instructions, inks and a book of designs.

Manufacture goods spread around the world and tattoo machines were certianly bought and sold between the U.S. and Britian. The British two coil machines made it to the U.S. as well as some of the best tattooist Britian had to offer Tom Rielly and Sutherland MacDonald, who also patented his own machine (Feb12th 1894) which was a very different design consisting of a cylinder shaped electromagnetic coil through the center of which the needle bar passed. While tattooing in America Rieley had the honorary title of "Proffessor" besotwed upon him by P.T. Barnun and was the first tattooist to style himself in this way.

The machines were rudimentary, that is to say, they were designed to work as manufactured. No room for adjustment, no way to chage the function of the machine, it drove a needle or a combination of needles up and down at a set distance. The frames that held the parts together were purely practical. In modern tattooo machine theory the functoin of the machine is deterimined by the various angles and distances and their relationship to the elements of the machine. This is called Frame Geometry. It is generally held true that a machine made to line the tattoo is set up differently from a shading machine. The frame Geometry is changed and different effects to the skin are achieved , depth, power and speed are consequences of this equation and all parts relate to each other. Up until 1929 the design considerations for tattoo machines were primarily weight, power source, coil size and orientation and fabrication material. Percy Waters of detroit, Michigan established probaly the largest tattoo supply company in the world through the 1920's and the 1930's. he designed and manufactured fourteen frame styles and patented what would become the first modern tattoo machine, in terms of frame geometry, on Aug. 13th 1929. This tattoo machine design, and the other thirteen, is still in use taday. Employing simple variations such as angle of the contact screw; this is at the top of the machine and comes in contact with the springs determining the depth of the needle stroke, gave rise to a range of machines which can achieve different results when tattooing. From Edison's puncturing machines of 1875, it took almost fifty-five years before someone figured out that the tattoo machine could be adjusted and perhaps one needle depth was not always what he design needed to be tatttooed successfully The shape size and angles associated with the frame of the tattoo machine have a profound effecton the efficiency and performace of the machine. Percy Waters set the bar for todays tattoo machine, the on/off switch that appeared on his patented machine has disappeared; It was right on top of the tube grip and could be pushed with the index finger. Early machines were not designed to be taken apart and cleaned. The tubes and barrels were often welded into place. Tube vises were later developed, and well in use by Percy Waters at the time. It would be another fifity years before another tattoo machine patent was granted by the U.S Patent Office and in that time tattooing legends took the basic Waters Designs and made them their own, Paul Rogers, Norman "Sailor Jerry" Collins, Milton Zeis, Owen Jensen and Bill Jones tweaked and tuned and turned them out by the score. Most of these designs are in production today. All of the originals are solid, workable instruments and highly collectable. On June 3rd 1979 Carol Nightingale a Canadian tattooist working in Washington D.C. patented his "Electrical Marking Device" aka "The Right Hand of America". When it comes to adjustability, this had it all. Every single component of the machine was adjustable. By turning a few screws you could slide the coils foreward and backwards as well as the backsprings, contact screw housing, armature bar etc, etc It was never a success, there were too many problems with the manufactureing processs and the machine was just too complicated. But it was inspired work. Taking the limitations of a set configuration and setting the operator free to tune the machine any which way they thought would work, But Nightingale sold only a half a dozen or so. The materials used to make the frames for tattoo machines have varied greatly over the years. Iron, steel and brass were among the first used and prevail in modern machines today. Bakelite, an early plastic that can be easly machined,has seen it share popularity. Wooden frames were predominant as prototypes were developed in the early 1900's Copper has seen a rise in interest in recent years even being combined with beryllium, a midly radioactive metal that stabilizes when alloyed. Some of the best modern machines are made of aluminium. The lighter weight reduces hand fatigue after long hours of tattooing. The advancement of technology will bring new and exciting developments to the tattoo machine. The recent interrest, development and marketing of a pneumatic tattooing machine has been based on another Thomas Edison Patent.

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